00:43:36 Christopher Yukins - GW Law: Zach's paper is posted on the program page, through publicprocurementinternational.com 00:45:08 Christopher Yukins - GW Law: The 50-state guide published by the ABA includes a summary of bid protest rules and procedures in the states. As noted, Missy Copeland is the editor, and a third edition will be published this fall. 00:47:32 Christopher Yukins - GW Law: Zach's approach is known as "contextualism" in comparative law -- trying to understand the social, economic and historical context in which similar rules arise. The other approach in comparative law is "functionalism," focusing solely on similar functions. Dan Schoeni has led the way in doing very interesting research on comparative law issues in public procurement. 00:50:58 Michael Carnahan: https://publicprocurementinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Zach-Jacobson-Research-Paper-Survey-State-Bid-Protests-Final.pdf 00:51:16 Allison Anthony: Very interesting as in SA we have only litigation as an option which often takes years not even months to resolve. 01:01:16 Rhina Cardenal: Does NASPO or do states publish the number of protests filed each year? 01:10:24 Ken Sanchez: Thank you for your service. 01:11:52 Ralph Hearn Jr: hello everyone 01:13:12 Christopher Yukins - GW Law: Dan did an outstanding job on his thesis -- it will really add to the literature on EU and US law when it's final and published 01:16:19 Matthew Rivera: Federal Acquisition Regulation as supplemented is very informative as noted. Seems many stated shaped theirs from FAR. 01:17:26 Matthew Rivera: Good point Professor, what is the goal? EU v USA 01:20:44 Christopher Yukins - GW Law: Washington DC is a good case study. Although it houses much of the federal government, the DC government does not use the Federal Acquisition Regulation -- in fact, there are important differences between Washington DC and federal law. This raises interesting questions about whether local or state governments might adopt different rules to insulate themselves -- different rules set up an artificial barrier between markets. That, of course, is the assumption that informs uniform rules across an economically integrated European Union. 01:24:29 Christopher Yukins - GW Law: An interesting collateral point here: the NASPO ValuePoint multi-state cooperative contracts in essence give European vendors direct access to state and local governments that purchase from those NASPO ValuePoint contracts. Our European colleagues have generally not focused on that line of access. 01:24:32 Xinyue Xue: Many thanks for your explanation, Prof. Yukins! I am curious whether non-discrimination among suppliers based in different states is also an objective of state procurement. 01:27:43 Stacia Andre: Is there data in percentage of entities that win in protests? 01:27:44 Christopher Yukins - GW Law: The states often use a legal rule we refer to as "mutually assured destruction" -- if a state discriminates against other states, then it can be discriminated against. This dampens state-v-state discrimination. Also, federal grantees (a $700 billion market) are generally prohibited, by the Office of Management & Budget uniform rules, from discriminating on a geographic basis WITHIN the United States. The Biden administration, however, has pressed for Buy American policies in federal grants -- encouraging international discrimination. We've had several webinar programs on point, available on www.publicprocurementinternational.com. 01:27:45 Fady Barakat: Hi and thank you for the presentation. Did the research take into account the thresholds where the EU Directives apply (as we know that below these thresholds, national procurement regulations apply)? 01:32:10 David Dominguez: Prof. Yukins and all panelists, thank you for all this information. I am wondering what the impact to bid protests could be if In-Country Value schemes/initiatives were to be introduced in the US or EU. Perhaps these type of "buy/hire/invest" local set ups are already in place in the US or EU but if not, they could result in higher bid protests. 01:33:35 Christopher Yukins - GW Law: I will put Fady's question to Dan. To Henry's question -- the US states have not given full access via the various trade agreements. The "high water mark" was the WTO Government Procurement Agreement; 2/3 of the states joined that, but not affording full access to the state and local markets. Most states have proven far less willing to open their markets in more recent free trade agreements that the U.S. has joined. 01:35:16 Jason Potter: Did your research indicate why protest rates seem so much higher in the EU? 01:39:48 Simon Chirwa: Accountability versus efficiency: It would be interesting to see the rate of protests versus time to award or complete a procurement process. Sweden would be interesting 01:40:41 Ken Sanchez: Do you think there is a relationship between procurement knowledge and the rate of protests? Is there an ideal % of protests to strive for? 01:40:45 Fady Barakat: It would important to assess the number of protests versus the efficiency (time, cost) of the procurement process! This could form an index for the Bidders abusing the protest system: SWEDEN must be an interesting case? 01:44:18 Ken Sanchez: If you have multiple states' percentages, will you be publishing those that you have accurate information on? 01:45:45 Ian Campbell: Good evening, I am Ian Campbell from the Planning Institute of Jamaica 🇯🇲 01:49:20 joseph tinger: Thank you for an informative updates of research material. Bids are tough to the law. 01:53:56 Ken Sanchez: What is the average legal cost to file a protest? 02:08:49 Myriem Seabron: Yes, thank you to all of the speakers!👏🏽 02:08:53 Matthew Rivera: 👏 Well done by all speakers! 02:09:30 Michael Carnahan: An absolutely wonderful experience. Thank you so much for doing this! 02:09:49 Henry Reddick: 1) Yes 02:11:30 Cyndi Hawk: Thank You great info looking forward to the remaining sessions 02:12:14 Xinyue Xue: Thank you so much for the amazing presentations! Good night! 02:12:16 Fady Barakat: Thank you. 02:12:22 Adam Coon: Thank you